Ocean+period+3

**Facts and notes:**
**Epipelagic (Euphotic) Zone: The epipelagic zone is the first zone in all the ocean zones and it is from the surface to about 200 meters. It is also known as the light zone because this zone is where most of the visible light exists. 'Euphotic' is Greek for 'well-lit', describing this sone as having enough light to support photosynthetic organisms and the animals that feed on them. In this zone there is enough light for photosynthesis to occur. So many plants and other photosynthetic organisms live in the zone and food is abundant. Photosynthesis in the oceans create approximatly 90% of the earths gaseous oxygen. Most of the oxygen is produced by phytoplankton. **

Mesopelagic (Disphotic) zone: The mesopelagic zone is the second zone in the ocean zones and it is from about 200 meters to about 1000 meters. It is referred to as the twilight zone because the light that does penetrates is very faint. The temperature in the Disphotic zone ranges from 41 to 39 degrees Fahrenheit. The Animals that live in the Disphotic zone are adapted to near darkness, cold water, and high pressure. Many of the animals in this zone have large eyes to help them see in the darkness. Most are small and thin to camouflage themselves and many have teeth and jaws.

**Bathypelagic zone: The bathypelagic zone is the third zone in the ocean zones and it is from about 1000 meters to about 4000 meters. It is also known as the midnight zone because the only light created is by the creature itself. Because of the eternal darkness, many animals have developed bioluminescence to attract a mate, escape predation, attract prey, and warn others off territory. Only about 1% of all ocean species live in this zone. Some organisms in this zone don't have eyes!! There are no plants in this zone. **

**Abysspelagic zone: The abysspelagic zone is the fourth zone in the ocean zones and it is from about 4000 meters to about 6000 meters.It is also known as simply as the abyss which in greek means " no bottom". Because water pressure increases one atmosphere every 33 feet, animals in the Abyssal zone must be able to withstand tremendus amounts of pressure. this pressure makes it very difficult for humans to explore the deep ocean. Animals like the sperm whale, angler fish, and hatchet fish can survive in the Abyssal zone. **

**Hadalpelagic zone: The hadalpelagic zone is the last zone in the ocean zones and it is about from 6000 meters to the bottom of the deepest parts of the ocean zones. The Hadalpelagic zone is mostly found in deep water trenchs or canyons. This zone was named after the Greek god of the underworld, Hades. This zone includes hydrothermal vents, methane seeps, and the hydrothermal seeps. The animals here are often white and eyeless. Jaques Piccard and Don Walsh were the first to research the Hadalpelagic zone sucessfully in 1920. Piccared and Walsh sighted shrimp and flounder-like fish. **

=** Some Marine Ecosystems: **=

= Kelp Forest = = Kelp, a kind of seaweed, forms marine 'forest' in cold, nutrient-rich waters. These forests are home to crabs, sharks, seals, sea otters, shellfish, urchins, and a variety of fishes. And this whole ecosystem is balanced upon the relationship between otters and sea urchins. Few animals eat sea urchins, its main predator being the sea otter. Urchins feed on the kelp, and would topple the entire ecosystem if they were not kept in check by otters. Otters need the kelp for an anchor as they sleep, and for the animals it supports. = = Otters are being threatened by human activities. Otters had been nearly wiped out for their pelts, and while trying to recover, are still suffering from ocean pollution and oil spills. And due to overfishing, their prey has declined as well. = =A otter dead from oil= = Hydrothermal Seeps = = Hydrothemal seeps are a rare kind of ecosystem, a hybrid ecosystem. Normally there are the boiling hydrothermal vents and the freezing methane seeps, but there has been recently discovered a blending of the two when the vents and seeps are close to one another. Animals thought never to be seen together exist side by side. = = = = = = D iagrams of a hydrothermal vent  = = = = A yeti crab from a methane seep = = = =  = = A hydrothermal vent surrounded by tube worms = = = = Prezi: = [] = =